Holger Eckhertz’s grandfather, Dieter Eckhertz, was a wartime correspondent for German army publications such as Signal and Die Wehrmacht (The Army). Shortly before the Allied landings in Normandy, he visited that sector and interviewed quite a number of soldiers while preparing articles for the army’s magazines. After the war, he left journalism, but ten years later he did pursue one final project: finding men who had served in Normandy on June 6, 1944 and interviewing them about their impressions and experiences, their frames of mind and their motivations. The elder Eckhertz passed away in 1955 before he could shape the interviews into any final form.
In 2015 and 2016 the younger Eckhertz published the two books, collected in a single volume in the edition that I read, of interviews detailing, just as the title promises, D-Day through German eyes. After I had read the book and written most of this review, I saw that there are questions of whether it is true or not. Unfortunately, the most prominent places claiming that the book is fiction are outlets such as the New York Post and England’s Daily Mail that at the very least flirt with publishing fiction themselves on a regular basis. On the other hand, the book’s publisher, DTZ History Publications, does not appear to have any other titles on the market. Self-publishing is a totally legitimate way to get to the market in the 21st century, but coupled with the classic framing narrative and lack of any supporting apparatus, I think I have to at least express some uncertainty about the whole enterprise. A little bit of research shows that some reputable books have used Eckhertz’s volume as a source. Checking in on a couple of scholarly locations did not turn up any discussion of the book, which doesn’t say anything either way about the book’s veracity.
Given that I am in Berlin, I suppose that I could clear up this question definitively by checking records. If someone is willing to foot the bill, I could take a few days to do that. But for the rest of this review, I will presume that D-Day Through German Eyes is what it purports to be.
The first half of the book contains five interviews, one soldier from each of the five beaches where the Allies landed: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword. The second half contains interviews with service members who had different functions: observation post, Luftwaffe pilot, military police, self-propelled assault gun crew, and so forth.
The soldiers’ experiences differed, but definite patterns emerged. The German army expected the Western Allies to invade France and establish a second front some time in the spring or summer of 1944. Up and down the coast, the soldiers were told from March or so onward that an attack could come at any time. Most of the soldiers were glad to be stationed in France because it was much less of a hardship than the Eastern front. Some of the men Eckhertz interviewed were veterans of previous campaigns and were transferred to France because they had been wounded and were not fit for more demanding duties. It is also true that by 1944, the fifth year of the war in Europe, the Third Reich was running low on manpower. Several accounts mention foreign conscript workers, often Poles or Russians, who were compelled to do construction work on German defenses in France.
The days preceding the invasion were like other days of the war, none of the men (and they were all men) interviewed mentions unusual levels of Allied activity until the night of June 5th. Nearly all of them say that the amount of planes flying over France that night was immense. Some saw signs of paratroopers landing, or of gliders bringing in airborne troops. At first light, soldiers who were stationed close to their sea caught an initial glimpse of the invading armada. To a man, they were astonished at its size. The account of Henrik Naube, a corporal in the infantry at Omaha Beach, is typical: